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. The
purple area is the
Lusatian culture, the central blue area is the Knoviz culture, the red area is the central urnfield culture, and the orange area is the northern urnfield culture. The brown area is the
Danubian culture, the blue area is the Terramare culture and the green area is the
West European Bronze Age. The yellow area is the Nordic Bronze AgeThe
Lusatian culture existed in the later Bronze Age and early Iron Age (1300 BC-
500 BC) in eastern
Germany, most of
Poland, parts of
Czech Republic and
Slovakia and parts of
Ukraine. It covers the Periods
Montelius III (early Lusatian culture) to V of the Northern-European chronological scheme.
The Lusatian culture developed from Trzciniec culture under some influence of the middle Bronze Age Tumulus bronze Age (
Hügelgräberkultur). It is contemporaneous with the
Urnfield culture found from eastern France, southern Germany and Austria to
Hungary and the Nordic Bronze Age in northwestern Germany and
Scandinavia. It is followed by the early Iron Age
Billendorf culture in the West. In Poland, the Lusatian culture is taken to span part of the Iron Age as well (the is only a terminological difference) and is succeeded in Montelius VIIbc in northern ranges around mouth of Vistula by the
Pomeranian culture spreading south.
There were close contacts with the Nordic Bronze Age, and the Scandinavian influence on Pomerania and northern Poland during this period was so considerable that this region is sometimes included in the Nordic Bronze Age culture (Dąbrowski 1989:73). This influence may correspond to the arrival of East Germanic tribes from Scandinavia to the region of Łódź where the interstage between Trciniec culture and Lusatian culture was developed.
Burial was by cremation, inhumations are rare. The urn is usually accompanied by numerous, up to 40 secondary vessels. Metal grave gifts are sparse, but there are numerous hoards (e.g. Kopaniewo, Pomerania) that contain rich metalwork, both bronze and gold (hoard of Eberswalde,
Brandenburg). Graves containing moulds, like at Bataune, Saxony or tuyeres attest the production of bronze tools and weapons at village level.The 'royal' tomb of
Seddin, Brandenburg, Germany, covered by a large earthen
tumulus contained Mediterranean imports like bronze-vessels and glass beads. Cemeteries can be quite large and contain thousands of graves.
Well known settlements include
Biskupin in Poland and Buch near Berlin. There are both open villages and fortified settlements (Burgwall or grod) on hilltops or in swampy areas. The ramparts were constructed of wooden boxes filled with soil or stones.
The economy was mainly based on arable agriculture, as is attested by numerous storage pits. Wheat (
emmer) and six-row
barley formed the basic crops, together with millet, rye and oats, peas, broad beans, lentils and gold of pleasure (Camelina sativa). Flax was grown, and remains of domesticated apples, pears and plums have been found. Cattle and pigs were the most important domestic animals, followed by sheep, goats, horses and dogs. Pictures on Iron Age urns from Silesia attest horse riding, but horses were used to draw chariots as well.Hunting was practiced, as bones of red and roe deer, boar, bison, elk, hare, fox and wolf attest, but did not provide much of the meat consumed. The numerous frog-bones found at Biskupin may indicate that frog's legs were eaten as well.
Hoards in swampy areas are considered by some archaeologists (Hãnsel) as 'gifts for the Gods'. Human bones in 5m deep sacrificial pits in Lossow (Brandenburg) might point to human sacrifice and possible cannibalism.
History of research
'Lausitz-type' burials were first described by the German pathologist and archaeologist Rudolf Virchow (1821-1902). The name refers to the Lusatia (Lausitz) area in eastern Germany (
Brandenburg and Saxony) and Poland. Virchow identified the pottery as 'pre-Germanic' but refused to speculate on the ethnic identity of their makers.
Numerous Czech (Píč, Niederle, Červinka) and Polish (Majewski,
Józef Kostrzewski, Kozłowski) authors believed the Lusatians to be Proto-Slavs, while the German archaeologist A. Götze saw them as
Thracians, and Gustaf Kossinna first as
Karpo-Dacian, a tribe mentioned by
Zosimus and then as
Illyrians.
Today, most scholars have accepted the historical and changing nature of ethnic groups and do not try to continue ethnic groups known from written sources into the prehistoric period.
Further reading
- J. M. Coles and A. F. Harding, The Bronze Age in Europe (London 1979).
- Dabrowski, J. (1989) Nordische Kreis und Kulturen Polnischer Gebiete. Die Bronzezeit im Ostseegebiet. Ein Rapport der Kgl. Schwedischen Akademie der Literatur-Geschichte und Altertumsforschung über das Julita-Symposium 1986. Ed Ambrosiani, B. Kungl. Vitterhets Historie och Antikvitets Akademien. Konferenser 22. Stockholm.
External links
- Hypothetical reconstruction of a Lusatian culture settlement, raised using only bronze age tools - Wola Radziszowska (near Cracow)- Poland
. The
purple area is the
Lusatian culture, the central blue area is the
Knoviz culture, the red area is the central urnfield culture, and the orange area is the northern urnfield culture. The brown area is the Danubian culture, the blue area is the Terramare culture and the green area is the
West European Bronze Age. The yellow area is the Nordic Bronze AgeThe
Lusatian culture existed in the later Bronze Age and early Iron Age (
1300 BC-500 BC) in eastern
Germany, most of Poland, parts of
Czech Republic and
Slovakia and parts of
Ukraine. It covers the Periods
Montelius III (early Lusatian culture) to V of the Northern-European chronological scheme.
The Lusatian culture developed from
Trzciniec culture under some influence of the middle Bronze Age Tumulus bronze Age (
Hügelgräberkultur). It is contemporaneous with the
Urnfield culture found from eastern France, southern Germany and Austria to Hungary and the
Nordic Bronze Age in northwestern Germany and
Scandinavia. It is followed by the early
Iron Age Billendorf culture in the West. In Poland, the Lusatian culture is taken to span part of the Iron Age as well (the is only a terminological difference) and is succeeded in Montelius VIIbc in northern ranges around mouth of Vistula by the Pomeranian culture spreading south.
There were close contacts with the Nordic Bronze Age, and the Scandinavian influence on Pomerania and northern Poland during this period was so considerable that this region is sometimes included in the
Nordic Bronze Age culture (Dąbrowski 1989:73). This influence may correspond to the arrival of
East Germanic tribes from Scandinavia to the region of
Łódź where the interstage between Trciniec culture and Lusatian culture was developed.
Burial was by cremation, inhumations are rare. The urn is usually accompanied by numerous, up to 40 secondary vessels. Metal grave gifts are sparse, but there are numerous hoards (e.g. Kopaniewo, Pomerania) that contain rich metalwork, both bronze and gold (hoard of Eberswalde,
Brandenburg). Graves containing moulds, like at Bataune,
Saxony or tuyeres attest the production of bronze tools and weapons at village level.The 'royal' tomb of
Seddin,
Brandenburg, Germany, covered by a large earthen tumulus contained Mediterranean imports like bronze-vessels and glass beads. Cemeteries can be quite large and contain thousands of graves.
Well known settlements include Biskupin in Poland and Buch near
Berlin. There are both open villages and fortified settlements (Burgwall or grod) on hilltops or in swampy areas. The ramparts were constructed of wooden boxes filled with soil or stones.
The economy was mainly based on arable agriculture, as is attested by numerous storage pits. Wheat (emmer) and six-row barley formed the basic crops, together with millet, rye and oats, peas, broad beans, lentils and
gold of pleasure (Camelina sativa). Flax was grown, and remains of domesticated apples, pears and plums have been found. Cattle and pigs were the most important domestic animals, followed by sheep, goats, horses and dogs. Pictures on Iron Age urns from
Silesia attest horse riding, but horses were used to draw chariots as well.Hunting was practiced, as bones of red and roe deer, boar, bison, elk, hare, fox and wolf attest, but did not provide much of the meat consumed. The numerous frog-bones found at Biskupin may indicate that frog's legs were eaten as well.
Hoards in swampy areas are considered by some archaeologists (Hãnsel) as 'gifts for the Gods'. Human bones in 5m deep sacrificial pits in Lossow (Brandenburg) might point to human sacrifice and possible
cannibalism.
History of research
'Lausitz-type' burials were first described by the German pathologist and archaeologist Rudolf Virchow (1821-1902). The name refers to the
Lusatia (Lausitz) area in eastern Germany (
Brandenburg and Saxony) and Poland. Virchow identified the pottery as 'pre-Germanic' but refused to speculate on the ethnic identity of their makers.
Numerous Czech (Píč, Niederle, Červinka) and Polish (Majewski,
Józef Kostrzewski, Kozłowski) authors believed the Lusatians to be Proto-Slavs, while the German archaeologist A. Götze saw them as Thracians, and Gustaf Kossinna first as
Karpo-Dacian, a tribe mentioned by
Zosimus and then as
Illyrians.
Today, most scholars have accepted the historical and changing nature of ethnic groups and do not try to continue ethnic groups known from written sources into the prehistoric period.
Further reading
- J. M. Coles and A. F. Harding, The Bronze Age in Europe (London 1979).
- Dabrowski, J. (1989) Nordische Kreis und Kulturen Polnischer Gebiete. Die Bronzezeit im Ostseegebiet. Ein Rapport der Kgl. Schwedischen Akademie der Literatur-Geschichte und Altertumsforschung über das Julita-Symposium 1986. Ed Ambrosiani, B. Kungl. Vitterhets Historie och Antikvitets Akademien. Konferenser 22. Stockholm.
External links
- Hypothetical reconstruction of a Lusatian culture settlement, raised using only bronze age tools - Wola Radziszowska (near Cracow)- Poland
Lusatian culture - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Lusatian culture existed in the later Bronze Age and early Iron Age (1300 BC-500 BC) in eastern Germany, most of Poland, parts of Czech Republic and Slovakia and parts of ...
Lusatian culture | BMGSOL.Com
The Lusatian culture existed in the later Bronze Age and early Iron Age (1300 BC-500 BC) in eastern Germany, most of Poland, parts of Czech Republic and
Lusatian Neisse - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Lusatian ...
Lusatian culture Lusatian lake district Lusatian lakeland Lusatian language ... All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature ...
Urnfield culture - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The eastern European Lusatian culture forms part of the urnfield tradition, but continues into the Iron Age without a notable break. The Piliny culture in northern Hungary and Slovakia ...
Lusatian (Sorbian) Collections
This page provides an overview of the Lusatian (Sorbian) collections, illustrated by ... in Budysin was founded for the study of Sorbian language, literature and culture.
INEX: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Lusatian culture)
Table of Contents. 1 History of research; 2 Further reading; A simplified map of the central European cultures, ca 1200 BC . The purple area is the Lusatian culture, the central ...
Lusatian Neisse definition of Lusatian Neisse in the Free Online ...
Lusatian Neisse, river: see under Neisse Glatzer Neisse (glät`sər), Pol. Nysa ... Lusatian culture Lusatian lake district Lusatian lakeland Lusatian language
Lusatian Serbs definition of Lusatian Serbs in the Free Online ...
Sorbs: see Wends Wends or Sorbs, Slavic people (numbering about 60,000) of Brandenburg ... Lusatian culture Lusatian lake district Lusatian lakeland Lusatian language
Culture | BMGSOL.Com
The Lusatian culture existed in the later Bronze Age and early Iron Age (1300 BC-500 BC) in eastern Germany, most of Poland, parts of Czech Republic and Slovakia and parts of ...
LUSB - What does LUSB stand for? Acronyms and abbreviations by the ...
Acronym Definition; LUSB: Left Upper Sternal Border ... Lusatian culture Lusatian lake district Lusatian lakeland Lusatian language
